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Clinical Studies
Abstracts are presented below for clinical
studies on Cumin.
Plant Phytonutrient Profile
1: Phytother Res. 2007 Feb;21(2):157/63.
Herbal modulation of drug bioavailability: enhancement of rifampicin levels in
plasma by herbal products and a flavonoid glycoside derived from Cuminum
cyminum.
Sachin BS, Sharma SC, Sethi S, Tasduq SA, Tikoo MK, Tikoo AK, Satti NK, Gupta
BD, Suri KA, Johri RK, Qazi GN.
Division of Pharmacology, Regional Research Laboratory (CSIR), Canal Road,
Jammu/Tawi, 180016 India.
The bioavailability of rifampicin (RIF) in a fixed dose combination (FDC) used
for the treatment of tuberculosis remains an area of clinical concern and
several pharmaceutical alternatives are being explored to overcome this problem.
The present study presents a pharmacological approach in which the
bioavailability of a drug may be modulated by utilizing the herb/drug synergism.
The pharmacokinetic interaction of some herbal products and a pure molecule
isolated from Cuminum cyminum with RIF is shown in this paper. An aqueous
extract derived from cumin seeds produced a significant enhancement of RIF
levels in rat plasma. This activity was found to be due to a flavonoid
glycoside, 3',5/dihydroxyflavone
7/O/beta/d/galacturonide4'/O/beta/d/glucopyranoside (CC/I). CC/I enhanced the
Cmax by 35% and AUC by 53% of RIF. The altered bioavailability profile of RIF
could be attributed to a permeation enhancing effect of this glycoside.
Copyright (c) 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Publication Types:
Research Support, Non/U.S. Gov't
PMID: 17128432 [PubMed / in process]
2: Br Dent J. 2006 Sep 23;201(6):323.
Fruit for ulcers.
Mahalinga Bhat K.
Publication Types:
Letter
PMID: 16990864 [PubMed / indexed for MEDLINE]
3: J Med Food. 2006 Summer;9(2):237/45.
Effect of spices on lipid metabolism in 1,2/dimethylhydrazine/induced rat colon
carcinogenesis.
Nalini N, Manju V, Menon VP.
Department of Biochemistry, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Tamilnadu,
India. nalininam@yahoo.com
Colon cancer is the second most common cancer among men and women worldwide. We
investigated the effect of red chilli (Capsicum annum L.), cumin (Cuminum
cyminum L.), and black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) on colon cancer induced in rats
by a colon/specific carcinogen, 1,2/dimethylhydrazine (DMH). Colon cancer was
induced by subcutaneous injection of DMH at a dosage of 20 mg/kg of body weight
(15 doses, at 1/week intervals). The rats were continued with the standard
pellet diet and supplemented red chilli [C. annum L., 0.015% (wt/wt) mixed with
the diet], cumin seeds [C. cyminum L., 1.25% (wt/wt) mixed with the diet], and
black pepper (P. nigrum L., 0.5% (wt/wt) mixed with the diet] throughout the
experimental period. After the total experimental period of 32 weeks (including
2 weeks of acclimatization) the incidence and number of tumors in the colon were
observed to be significantly higher in the rats administered DMH and/or red
chillis, as compared with the cumin + DMH and black pepper + DMH groups. No
tumors were observed in the control, cumin + DMH, or black pepper + DMH groups.
The levels of fecal bile acids and neutral sterols in 24/hour fecal samples were
significantly decreased in DMH + chilli/administered rats, while the excretion
of fecal bile acids and neutral sterols was significantly increased in cumin +
DMH/ and black pepper + DMH/administered rats. In DMH/, chilli/, and chilli +
DMH/administered rats the levels of cholesterol, cholesterol/phospholipid ratio,
and 3/hydroxy/3/methylglutaryl/CoA reductase activity were decreased in cumin +
DMH/ and black pepper + DMH/treated rats. The phospholipid levels were reduced
in the DMH, chilli, and chilli + DMH groups as compared with the cumin + DMH and
black pepper + DMH groups. Our results show that chilli supplementation promotes
colon carcinogenesis, whereas cumin or black pepper suppresses colon
carcinogensis in the presence of the procarcinogen DMH.
PMID: 16822210 [PubMed / indexed for MEDLINE]
4: Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2005 Sep;56(6):399/414.
Plant foods in the management of diabetes mellitus: spices as beneficial
antidiabetic food adjuncts.
Srinivasan K.
Department of Biochemistry & Nutrition, Central Food Technological Research
Institute, Mysore/570013, India.
Diet has been recognized as a corner stone in the management of diabetes
mellitus. Spices are the common dietary adjuncts that contribute to the taste
and flavour of foods. Besides, spices are also known to exert several beneficial
physiological effects including the antidiabetic influence. This review
considers all the available information from animal experimentation as well as
clinical trials where spices, their extracts or their active principles were
examined for treatment of diabetes. Among the spices, fenugreek seeds
(Trigonella foenumgraecum), garlic (Allium sativum), onion (Allium cepa), and
turmeric (Curcuma longa) have been experimentally documented to possess
antidiabetic potential. In a limited number of studies, cumin seeds (Cuminum
cyminum), ginger (Zingiber officinale), mustard (Brassica nigra), curry leaves
(Murraya koenigii) and coriander (Coriandrum sativum) have been reported to be
hypoglycaemic.
Publication Types:
Review
PMID: 16361181 [PubMed / indexed for MEDLINE]
5: Environ Technol. 2005 Nov;26(11):1205/15.
Impact of land use practices on faunal abundance, nutrient dynamics and
biochemical properties of desert pedoecosystem.
Tripathi G, Sharma BM.
Department of Zoology, J.N.V. University, Jodhpur/342 001, India.
Increased dependence of resource/poor rural communities on soils of low inherent
fertility are the major problem of desert agroecosystem. Agrisilviculture
practices may help to conserve the soil biota for maintaining essential soil
properties and processes in harsh climate. Therefore, the impacts of different
land use systems on faunal density, nutrient dynamics and biochemical properties
of soil were studied in agrisilviculture system of Indian desert. The selected
fields had trees (Zizyphus mauritiana, Prosopis cineraria, Acacia nilotica) and
crops (Cuminum cyminum, Brassica nigra, Triticum aestivum) in different
combinations. Populations of Acari, Myriapoda, Coleoptera, Collembola, other
soil arthropods and total soil fauna showed significant changes with respect to
different land use practices and tree species, indicating a strong relation
between above and below ground biodiversity. The Coleoptera exhibited greatest
association with all agrisilviculture fields. The Z. mauritiana system indicated
highest facilitative effects (RTE value) on all groups of soil fauna. Soil
temperature, moisture, organic carbon, nitrate/ and ammonical/nitrogen,
available phosphorus, soil respiration and dehydrogenase activity were greater
under tree than that of tree plus cropping system. It showed accumulation of
nitrate/nitrogen in tree field and more utilization by crops in cultivated
lands. Positive and significant correlation among organic carbon, nitrate/ and
ammonical/nitrogen, phosphorus, soil respiration and dehydrogenase activity
clearly reflects increase in soil nutrients with the increase in microbial and
other biotic activity. P. cineraria field was the best pedoecosystem, while C.
cyminum was the best winter crop for cultivation in desert agroforestry system
for soil biological health and soil sustainability. The increase in organic
carbon, soil nutrients and microbial activity is associated with the increase in
soil faunal population which reflect role of soil fauna in fertility building.
This suggests that strategies may be developed for nurturing fertility/building
soil fauna and managing degraded pedoecosystem in desert just by adopting
suitable agricultural practices.
Publication Types:
Comparative Study
Research Support, Non/U.S. Gov't
PMID: 16335596 [PubMed / indexed for MEDLINE]
6: J Chromatogr A. 2006 Jan 13;1102(1/2):11/7. Epub 2005 Nov 2.
Improved solvent/free microwave extraction of essential oil from dried Cuminum
cyminum L. and Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim.
Wang Z, Ding L, Li T, Zhou X, Wang L, Zhang H, Liu L, Li Y, Liu Z, Wang H, Zeng
H, He H.
College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China.
Solvent/free microwave extraction (SFME) is a recently developed green technique
which is performed in atmospheric conditions without adding any solvent or
water. SFME has already been applied to extraction of essential oil from fresh
plant materials or dried materials prior moistened. The essential oil is
evaporated by the in situ water in the plant materials. In this paper, it was
observed that an improved SFME, in which a kind of microwave absorption solid
medium, such as carbonyl iron powders (CIP), was added and mixed with the
sample, can be applied to extraction of essential oil from the dried plant
materials without any pretreatment. Because the microwave absorption capacity of
CIP is much better than that of water, the extraction time while using the
improved SFME is no more than 30 min using a microwave power of 85 W. Compared
to the conventional SFME, the advantages of improved SFME were to speed up the
extraction rate and need no pretreatment. Improved SFME has been compared with
conventional SFME, microwave/assisted hydrodistillation (MAHD) and conventional
hydrodistillation (HD) for the extraction of essential oil from dried Cuminum
cyminum L. and Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim. By using GC/MS system the
compositions of essential oil extracted by applying four kinds of extraction
methods were identified. There was no obvious difference in the quality of
essential oils obtained by the four kinds of extraction methods.
PMID: 16266711 [PubMed / indexed for MEDLINE]
7: Fitoterapia. 2005 Dec;76(7/8):661/5. Epub 2005 Oct 21.
Antifungal effect of some spice hydrosols.
Boyraz N, Ozcan M.
Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Selcuk,
42031 Konya, Turkey. nboyraz@selcuk.edu.tr
The antifungal effects of rosemary, cumin, sater (savory), basil and pickling
herb hydrosols were investigated against Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium oxysporum
f. sp tulipae, Botrytis cinerea and Alternaria citri. Hydrosols of sater and
pickling herb showed the most relevant fungicidal activity.
PMID: 16243447 [PubMed / indexed for MEDLINE]
8: J Ethnopharmacol. 2006 Mar 8;104(1/2):278/82. Epub 2005 Oct 13.
Effects of the fruit essential oil of Cuminum cyminum Linn. (Apiaceae) on
pentylenetetrazol/induced epileptiform activity in F1 neurones of Helix aspersa.
Janahmadi M, Niazi F, Danyali S, Kamalinejad M.
Department of Physiology and Neuroscience Research Center, Shaheed Beheshti
Medical Sciences University, P.O. Box 19835/181, Tehran, Iran.
mjanahmadi@yahoo.com
The effect of the fruit essential oil of Cuminum cyminum Linn. (Apiaceae) (syn.
Cuminum odorum Salisb) on the epileptiform activity induced by pentylenetetrazol
(PTZ) was evaluated, using intracellular technique. The results demonstrated
that extracellular application of the essential oil of Cuminum cyminum (1% and
3%) dramatically decreased the frequency of spontaneous activity induced by PTZ
in a time and concentration dependent manner. In addition it showed protection
against pentylenetetrazol/induced epileptic activity by increasing the duration,
decreasing the amplitude of after hyperpolarization potential (AHP) following
the action potential, the peak of action potential, and inhibition of the firing
rate. These membrane effects suggest cellular mechanisms by which the essential
oil of Cuminum cyminum can inhibit the PTZ/induced epileptic activity.
Publication Types:
Comparative Study
Research Support, Non/U.S. Gov't
PMID: 16226415 [PubMed / indexed for MEDLINE]
9: Schweiz Rundsch Med Prax. 2005 Sep 7;94(36):1419.
[Cumin for stomach and intestines]
[Article in German]
[No authors listed]
PMID: 16190376 [PubMed / indexed for MEDLINE]
10: Phytother Res. 2005 May;19(5):416/21.
Therapeutic role of Cuminum cyminum on ethanol and thermally oxidized sunflower
oil induced toxicity.
Aruna K, Rukkumani R, Varma PS, Menon VP.
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalai
Nagar 608 002, Tamil Nadu, India.
Ethanol is one of the most widely used and abused drugs, increasing lipid levels
in humans and experimental animals. Heating of oil rich in polyunsaturated fatty
acids (PUFA) produces various lipid peroxidative end products that can aggravate
the pathological changes produced by ethanol. In the present communication, the
effect of Cuminum cyminum was investigated on alcohol and thermally oxidized oil
induced hyperlipidaemia. The results showed increased activity of aspartate
transaminase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and gamma glutamyl transferase
(GGT) and increased levels of cholesterol, triglycerides and phospholipids in
the plasma of rats given alcohol, thermally oxidized oil and alcohol+thermally
oxidized oil when compared with the normal control group. The levels of tissue
(liver and kidney) cholesterol and triglycerides were increased significantly in
rats groups given alcohol, thermally oxidized oil and alcohol+thermally oxidized
oil when compared with the normal control rats. The levels were decreased when
cumin was given along with alcohol and thermally oxidized oil. The level of
phospholipids decreased significantly in the liver and kidney of groups given
alcohol, thermally oxidized oil and alcohol+thermally oridized oil when compared
with the normal control rats. The level increased when cumin was administered
along with alcohol and thermally oxidized oil. The activity of phospholipase A
and C increased significantly in the liver of groups given alcohol, thermally
oxidized oil and alcohol+thermally oxidized oil when compared with the normal
control rats, whereas the activity was decreased with the cumin treatment. The
results obtained indicate that cumin can decrease the lipid levels in alcohol
and thermally oxidized oil induced hepatotoxicity. Copyright (c) 2005 John Wiley
& Sons, Ltd.
PMID: 16106395 [PubMed / indexed for MEDLINE]
11: Ann Nutr Metab. 2005 Sep/Oct;49(5):300/3. Epub 2005 Aug 4.
Effect of ethanol and thermally oxidized sunflower oil ingestion on phospholipid
fatty acid composition of rat liver: protective role of Cuminum cyminum L.
Kode A, Rajagopalan R, Penumathsa SV, Menon VP.
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University,
Annamalainagar, Tamil Nadu, India.
AIM: The current study was undertaken to assess the effect of ethanol and
thermally oxidized sunflower oil ingestion on liver phospholipid fatty acids and
the protective role of Cuminum cyminum L. METHODS: Ethanol was administered at a
level of 20% and thermally oxidized sunflower oil at a level of 15% for 45 days.
C. cyminum was administered at a dosage of 250 mg/kg body weight for 45 days. We
investigated the changes in the liver phospholipid fatty acid composition.
RESULTS: Ethanol and thermally oxidized sunflower oil administration modifies
the fatty acid composition and the analysis of fatty acids showed that there was
a significant increase in the concentrations of 16:0, 16:1, 18:0, 18:1 and 18:2,
whereas the concentration of 20:4 was significantly decreased. The
concentrations of 16:0, 16:1, 18:0, 18:1 and 20:4 were near normal in
cumin/treated rats. CONCLUSION: The present investigation shows that cumin
prevents the changes in the composition of fatty acids, which were produced by
ethanol and thermally oxidized oil.
PMID: 16088094 [PubMed / indexed for MEDLINE]
12: Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 2005 May;30(10):732/4.
[ITS sequence identification of Radix Bupleuri]
[Article in Chinese]
Wu Y, Liu CS, Liu YF, Yan YN.
School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Traditional Chinese
Medicine, Beijing 100102, China. bwwy9851@163.com
OBJECTIVE: To provide the basis of molecular authentication of Radix Bupleuri by
the comparison of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences of five kinds
of Radix Bupleuri in common use. METHOD: Firstly, total DNA of five kinds of
Radix Bupleuri was extracted. Secondly, the ITS sequence was amplified by PCR
with universal primer of ITS and PCR product was directly sequenced after
purification. RESULT: The length of ITS1 and ITS2 sequence was 214/220 bp and
230/231 bp respectively. There were distinct variation sites between the ITS
sequences of the five kinds of Radix Bupleuri. CONCLUSION: ITS sequence may be
the evidence for the molecular authentication of Radix Bupleuri.
Publication Types:
English Abstract
PMID: 16075707 [PubMed / indexed for MEDLINE]
13: Phytother Res. 2005 Mar;19(3):198/202.
Antibacterial effect of plant extracts against Helicobacter pylori.
Nostro A, Cellini L, Di Bartolomeo S, Di Campli E, Grande R, Cannatelli MA,
Marzio L, Alonzo V.
Pharmaco/Biological Department, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
The aim of this work was to evaluate the antibacterial effect of plant extracts
as alternative and[sol ]or as active agents supporting antibiotics for treating
Helicobacter pylori infection. The effect of either, ethanolic or aqueous
extracts from 17 plant materials were studied against one H. pylori standard
strain and 11 clinical isolates using a disc diffusion test and by evaluating
the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) on solid media. An inhibitory
activity against H. pylori strains was recorded in a large percentage of tested
plants. MIC values of ethanolic extracts were from two to four concentration
steps lower than the aqueous ones. In particular, ethanolic extracts of Cuminum
cyminum L. and Propolis expressed MIC90 values of 0.075 mg/mL. The results show
a significant in vitro effect of plant extracts against H. pylori that could be
considered a valuable support in the treatment of the infection and may
contribute to the development of new and safe agents for inclusion in anti/H.
pylori regimens. Copyright 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
PMID: 15934015 [PubMed / indexed for MEDLINE]
14: J Agric Food Chem. 2005 Apr 6;53(7):2446/50.
Cuminaldehyde: Aldose Reductase and alpha/Glucosidase Inhibitor Derived from
Cuminum cyminum L. Seeds.
Lee HS.
Faculty of Biotechnology and Research Center for Industrial Development of
Biofood Materials, College of Agriculture & Life Science, Chonbuk National
University, Chonju 561/756, Korea. hoiseon@chonbuk.ac.uk
The inhibitory activity of Cuminum cyminum seed/isolated component was evaluated
against lens aldose reductase and alpha/glucosidase isolated from Sprague/Dawley
male rats and compared to that of 11 commercially available components derived
from C. cyminum seed oil, as well as quercitrin as an aldose reductase inhibitor
and acarbose as an alpha/glucosidase inhibitor. The biologically active
constituent of C. cyminum seed oil was characterized as cuminaldehyde by various
spectral analyses. The IC(50) value of cuminaldehyde is 0.00085 mg/mL against
aldose reductase and 0.5 mg/mL against alpha/glucosidase, respectively.
Cuminaldehyde was about 1.8 and 1.6 times less in inhibitory activity than
acarbose and quercitin, respectively. Nonetheless, cuminaldehyde may be useful
as a lead compound and a new agent for antidiabetic therapeutics.
Publication Types:
Research Support, Non/U.S. Gov't
PMID: 15796577 [PubMed / indexed for MEDLINE]
15: J Agric Food Chem. 2005 Mar 23;53(6):2316/21.
Determination of some toxic and essential metal ions in medicinal and edible
plants from Mali.
Maiga A, Diallo D, Bye R, Paulsen BS.
Department of Traditional Medicine, BP 1746, Bamako, Mali.
Plants are used in different ways in Mali, among those as medicine and as food.
The monitoring of metals in the plants is of great importance for protecting the
public from the hazards of possible toxic effects and also for informing the
population about the nutritional value of the plants. The concentrations of some
toxic and essential metal ions were surveyed in seven medicinal and edible
plants from Mali. Dry ashing of the plant material and subsequent use of atomic
absorption spectrophotometry were the analytical methodologies used. Iron,
manganese, and zinc were found in high concentrations in some of the plants,
i.e., 1.4 and 1.5 mg/g iron in Cuminum cyminum and Bombax costatum,
respectively, 243 microg/g manganese in Hibiscus sabdariffa, and 62.8 and 67.1
microg/g zinc in Spilanthes oleracaea and B. costatum, respectively, whereas
cobalt and cadmium were not detected in any of the plant material studied. The
other ions detected, Cr, Ni, Pb, and Cu, were present in minor amounts, in the
ranges of 2.2/17.2 microg/g for Cr, 1.6/8.1 microg/g for Ni, 0.7/5.2 microg/g
for Pb, and 2.4/17.1 microg/g for Cu. From a toxicological point of view, none
of these plants would be harmful for the user by taking in the plant material in
the traditional manner, which is preparing an infusion of the plant using
amounts not adding up to those necessary to reach a harmful level of the metal
ions detected. The plants B. costatum and C. cyminum could be of interest as
sources for iron for humans in the case of too low of a level of hemoglobin.
Publication Types:
Research Support, Non/U.S. Gov't
PMID: 15769174 [PubMed / indexed for MEDLINE]
16: J Agric Food Chem. 2005 Jan 12;53(1):57/61.
Antibacterial activity of Cuminum cyminum L. and Carum carvi L. essential oils.
Iacobellis NS, Lo Cantore P, Capasso F, Senatore F.
Dipartimento di Biologia, Difesa e Biotecnologie Agro Forestali, Universita
degli Studi della Basilicata, Viale dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy.
iacobellis@unibas.it
Essential oils extracted by hydrodistillation from fruits of Cuminum cyminum L.
and Carum carvi L. were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and GC/mass
spectrometry (MS). The main components of C. cyminum oil were
p/mentha/1,4/dien/7/al, cumin aldehyde, gamma/terpinene, and beta/pinene, while
those of the C. carvi oil were carvone, limonene, germacrene D, and
trans/dihydrocarvone. Antibacterial activity, determined with the agar diffusion
method, was observed against Gram/positive and Gram/negative bacterial species
in this study. The activity was particularly high against the genera
Clavibacter, Curtobacterium, Rhodococcus, Erwinia, Xanthomonas, Ralstonia, and
Agrobacterium, which are responsible for plant or cultivated mushroom diseases
worldwide. In general, a lower activity was observed against bacteria belonging
to the genus Pseudomonas. These results suggest the potential use of the above
essential oils for the control of bacterial diseases.
Publication Types:
Research Support, Non/U.S. Gov't
PMID: 15631509 [PubMed / indexed for MEDLINE]
17: J Herb Pharmacother. 2004;4(2):1/10.
Antioxidant activity of the aqueous extracts of spicy food additives//evaluation
and comparison with ascorbic acid in in/vitro systems.
Satyanarayana S, Sushruta K, Sarma GS, Srinivas N, Subba Raju GV.
Pharmacology Division, Department of Pharmaceutical Services, Andhra University,
Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh 530/003, India. nandinisai@hotmail.com
The antioxidant activity of the aqueous extracts of five umbelliferous
fruits//caraway (Carum carvi), coriander (Coriandrum sativum), cumin (Cuminum
cyminum), dill (Anethum graveolens) and fennel (Foeniculum vulgare)//were
investigated in comparison with the known antioxidant ascorbic acid in in vitro
studies. The amount of aqueous extract of these five umbelliferous fruits and
ascorbic acid needed for 50% scavenging of superoxide radicals was found to be
105 microg (caraway), 370 microg (coriander), 220 microg (cumin), 190 microg
(dill), 205 microg (fennel) and 260 microg (ascorbic acid). The amount needed
for 50% inhibition of lipid peroxide was 2100 microg (caraway), 4500 microg
(coriander), 4300 microg (cumin), 3100 microg (dill), 4600 microg (fennel) and
5000 microg (ascorbic acid). The quantity needed for 50% inhibition of hydroxyl
radicals was 1150 microg (caraway), 1250 microg (coriander), 470 microg (cumin),
575 microg (dill), 700 microg (fennel) and 4500 microg (ascorbic acid). The
daily use of the above fruits in various forms is very common in India and the
present study revealed strong antioxidant activity of their extracts that was
superior to known antioxidant ascorbic acid and indicate their intake may be
beneficial as food additives.
Publication Types:
Comparative Study
In Vitro
Research Support, Non/U.S. Gov't
PMID: 15364640 [PubMed / indexed for MEDLINE]
18: Nutr Cancer. 2003;47(2):171/80.
Chemopreventive effects of Cuminum cyminum in chemically induced forestomach and
uterine cervix tumors in murine model systems.
Gagandeep, Dhanalakshmi S, Mendiz E, Rao AR, Kale RK.
Radiation and Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal
Nehru University, New Delhi/110067, India.
Lately, a strong correlation has been established between diet and cancer. For
ages, cumin has been a part of the diet. It is a popular spice regularly used as
a flavoring agent in a number of ethnic cousins. In the present study, cancer
chemopreventive potentials of different doses of a cumin seed/mixed diet were
evaluated against benzo(a)pyrene [B(a)P]/induced forestomach tumorigenesis and
3/methylcholanthrene (MCA)/induced uterine cervix tumorigenesis. Results showed
a significant inhibition of stomach tumor burden (tumors per mouse) by cumin.
Tumor burden was 7.33 +// 2.10 in the B(a)P/treated control group, whereas it
reduced to 3.10 +// 0.57 (P < 0.001) by a 2.5% dose and 3.11 +// 0.60 (P <0.001)
by a 5% dose of cumin seeds. Cervical carcinoma incidence, compared with the
MCA/treated control group (66.67%), reduced to 27.27% (P < 0.05) by a diet of 5%
cumin seeds and to 12.50% (P < 0.05) by a diet of 7.5% cumin seeds. The effect
of 2.5 and 5% cumin seed/mixed diets was also examined on carcinogen/xenobiotic
metabolizing phase I and phase II enzymes, antioxidant enzymes, glutathione
content, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and lipid peroxidation in the liver of
Swiss albino mice. Levels of cytochrome P/450 (cyt P/450) and cytochrome b5 (cyt
b(5)) were significantly augmented (P < 0.05) by the 2.5% dose of cumin seed
diet. The levels of cyt P/450 reductase and cyt b(5) reductase were increased
(significance level being from P < 0.05 to P < 0.01) by both doses of cumin.
Among the phase II enzymes, glutathione S/transferase specific activity
increased (P < 0.005) by the 5% dose, whereas that of DT/diaphorase increased
significantly (P < 0.05) by both doses used (2.5 and 5%). In the antioxidant
system, significant elevation of the specific activities of superoxide dismutase
(P < 0.01) and catalase (P < 0.05) was observed with the 5% dose of cumin. The
activities of glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase remained
unaltered by both doses of cumin. The level of reduced glutathione measured as
nonprotein sulfhydryl content was elevated (significance level being from P <
0.05 to P < 0.01) by both doses of cumin. Lipid peroxidation measured as
formation of MDA production showed significant inhibition (P < 0.05 to P < 0.01)
by both doses of cumin. LDH activity remained unaltered by both doses of cumin.
The results strongly suggest the cancer chemopreventive potentials of cumin seed
and could be attributed to its ability to modulate carcinogen metabolism.
Publication Types:
Research Support, Non/U.S. Gov't
PMID: 15087270 [PubMed / indexed for MEDLINE]
19: Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo). 2004 Apr;52(4):494/7.
Nigellamines A3, A4, A5, and C, new dolabellane/type diterpene alkaloids, with
lipid metabolism/promoting activities from the Egyptian medicinal food black
cumin.
Morikawa T, Xu F, Ninomiya K, Matsuda H, Yoshikawa M.
Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Misasagi, Japan.
New dolabellane/type diterpene alkaloids, nigellamines A(3), A(4), A(5), and C,
were isolated from the methanolic extract of an Egyptian medicinal food, black
cumin (the seeds of Nigella sativa). Their absolute configurations were
determined on the basis of chemical and physicochemical evidence. Nigellamines
were found to lower triglyceride levels in primary cultured mouse hepatocytes,
and in particular, the activity of nigellamine A(5) was equivalent to that of
the hypolipidemic agent, clofibrate.
PMID: 15056976 [PubMed / indexed for MEDLINE]
20: J Trace Elem Med Biol. 2003;17(2):85/90.
Element analysis and biological studies on ten oriental spices using XRF and
Ames test.
Al/Bataina BA, Maslat AO, Al/Kofahil MM.
Physics Department, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan.
Ten oriental spices were analyzed for their element composition using X/ray
fluorescence (XRF): nutmeg (Myristica fragrans), coriander (Coriandrum sativum),
safflower (Carthamus tinctorius), caraway (Carum carvi), Sicilian sumac (Rhus
coriaria), aniseed (Anisum vulgare), black pepper (Piper nigrum), cardamom
(Elettaria cardamomum), cumin (Cuminum cyminum) and nigella (Nigella sativum).
The spices were found to contain the following elements: Mg, Al, Si, P, S, Cl,
K, Ca, Ti, Mn, Fe, Cu and Zn, with varying concentrations. Mutagenic studies
using Salmonella typhimurium strains TA97a, TA98, TA100, and TA102 showed that
the above spices have no base pair substitution mutagenic activity. However, a
weak frameshift mutagenicity has been shown by nutmeg and a very weak oxidative
mutagenic action has been revealed by cumin.
PMID: 14531636 [PubMed / indexed for MEDLINE]
21: Phytochemistry. 2003 Jun;63(4):479/84.
Sesquiterpene lactone glucosides and alkyl glycosides from the fruit of cumin.
Takayanagi T, Ishikawa T, Kitajima J.
Showa Pharmaceutical University, Higashi/Tamagawagakuen 3, Machida, Tokyo
194/8543, Japan.
From the polar portion of the methanolic extract of cumin (fruit of Cuminum
cyminum L.), two sesquiterpenoid glucosides, cuminoside A and B, and two alkyl
glycosides were isolated together with five known compounds. Their structures
were established as (1S,5S,6S,10S)/10/hydroxyguaia/3,7(11)/dien/12,6/olide
beta/D/glucopyranoside,
(1R,5R,6S,7S,9S,10R,11R)/1,9/dihydroxyeudesm/3/en/12,6/olide
9/O/beta/D/glucopyranoside, methyl
beta/D/apiofuranosyl/(1//>6)/beta/D/glucopyranoside and ethane/1,2/diol
1/O/beta/D/apiofuranosyl/(1//>6)/beta/D/glucopyranoside, respectively.
PMID: 12770603 [PubMed / indexed for MEDLINE]
22: Se Pu. 2002 Nov;20(6):569/72.
[Determination of chemical components of volatile oil from Cuminum cyminum L. by
gas chromatography/mass spectrometry]
[Article in Chinese]
Yan JH, Tang KW, Zhong M, Deng NH.
Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yueyang Normal University,
Yueyang 414000, China. yanjh58@163.com
Volatile oil was extracted from Cuminum cyminum L. by using steam distillation.
More than sixty peaks were separated and 49 compounds were identified by gas
chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The relative amounts of the components
were determined by area normalization method. Among the 49 compounds identified,
there were 16 hydrocarbons and 32 oxygenated compounds. The main compnents were
cuminal and safranal (accounting for 32.26% and 24.46% respectively in the
components identified). The other nine compounds with contents all over 1%, were
monterpenes, sesquiterpenes, aromatic aldehydes and aromatic oxides etc. The
other components with relatively small amounts were chiefly terpenes, terpenols,
terpenals, terpenones, terpene esters and aromatic compounds. It is good to
separate polar and apolar components in the volatile oil from Cuminum cyminum L.
on the GC capillary column of moderate polarity.
Publication Types:
English Abstract
Research Support, Non/U.S. Gov't
PMID: 12683011 [PubMed / indexed for MEDLINE]
23: Phytochemistry. 2003 Jan;62(1):115/20.
Glycosides of 2/C/methyl/D/erythritol from the fruits of anise, coriander and
cumin.
Kitajima J, Ishikawa T, Fujimatu E, Kondho K, Takayanagi T.
Showa Pharmaceutical University, Higashi/Tamagawagakuen 3, Machida, Tokyo
194/8543, Japan. kitajima@ac.shoyaku.ac.jp
Eight glycosides of 2/C/methyl/D/erythritol (1) were isolated from the fruit of
anise, and their structures were clarified as 1/O/beta/D/glucopyranoside,
3/O/beta/D/glucopyranoside, 4/O/beta/D/glucopyranoside,
1/O/beta/D/fructofuranoside, 3/O/beta/D/fructofuranoside,
4/O/beta/D/fructofuranoside, 1/O/beta/D/(6/O/4/hydroxybenzoyl)/glucopyranoside
and 1/O/beta/D/(6/O/4/methoxybenzoyl)/glucopyranoside of 2/C/methyl/D/erythritol
(2/9), respectively. Furthermore, 2 and 4 were isolated from the fruit of
coriander, and 2, 3 and 4 were isolated from the fruit of cumin. Though the
phosphate of 1 was known to be one of the first precursors of isoprenoids in the
non/mevalonate pathway, and 1 is considered to be a common constituent in
Umbelliferous plants, the glycosides of 1 are found for the first time.
PMID: 12475627 [PubMed / indexed for MEDLINE]
24: Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo). 2002 Nov;50(11):1471/8.
Water/soluble constituents of cumin: monoterpenoid glucosides.
Ishikawa T, Takayanagi T, Kitajima J.
Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo, Japan.
From the water/soluble portion of the methanol extract of cumin (fruit of
Cuminum cyminum L.), which has been used as a spice and medicine since
antiquity, sixteen monoterpenoid glucosides, including twelve new compounds,
were isolated. Their structures were clarified by spectral investigation.
PMID: 12419912 [PubMed / indexed for MEDLINE]
25: Phytother Res. 2002 Nov;16(7):680/2.
Studies on essential oils: part 10; antibacterial activity of volatile oils of
some spices.
Singh G, Kapoor IP, Pandey SK, Singh UK, Singh RK.
Chemistry Department, DDU Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur / 273009, India.
gsingh4us@yahoo.com
The essential oils extracted from the seeds of seven spices, Anethum graveolens,
Carum capticum, Coriandrum sativum, Cuminum cyminum, Foeniculum vulgare,
Pimpinella anisum and Seseli indicum have been studied for antibacterial
activity against eight pathogenic bacteria, causing infections in the human
body. It has been found that the oil of C. capticum is very effective against
all tested bacteria. The oil of C. cyminum and A. graveolens also gave similar
results. These oils are equally or more effective when compared with standard
antibiotics, at a very low concentration. Copyright 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Publication Types:
Research Support, Non/U.S. Gov't
PMID: 12410554 [PubMed / indexed for MEDLINE]
26: Pharmacol Res. 2002 Sep;46(3):251/5.
Hypolipidemic effect of Cuminum cyminum L. on alloxan/induced diabetic rats.
Dhandapani S, Subramanian VR, Rajagopal S, Namasivayam N.
Department of Biochemistry, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar 608002, Tamil
Nadu, India.
Hyperlipidemia is an associated complication of diabetes mellitus. Many spices
and herbs are known to be hypoglycaemic. Cuminum cyminum belonging to the family
Apiaceae is widely used in Ayurvedic medicine for the treatment of dyspepsia,
diarrhoea and jaundice. The present work was done to study the role of C.
cyminum supplementation on the plasma and tissue lipids in alloxan diabetic
rats. Oral administration of 0.25 g kg(/1) body weight of C. cyminum for 6 weeks
to diabetic rats resulted in significant reduction in blood glucose and an
increase in total haemoglobin and glycosylated haemoglobin. It also prevented a
decrease in body weight. C. cyminum treatment also resulted in a significant
reduction in plasma and tissue cholesterol, phospholipids, free fatty acids and
triglycerides. Histological observations demonstrated significant fatty changes
and inflammatory cell infiltrates in diabetic rat pancreas. But supplementation
with C. cyminum to diabetic rats significantly reduced the fatty changes and
inflammatory cell infiltrates. Moreover, C. cyminum supplementation was found to
be more effective than glibenclamide in the treatment of diabetes mellitus.
Copyright 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd.
PMID: 12220968 [PubMed / indexed for MEDLINE]
27: Dev Psychobiol. 2002 May;40(4):372/90.
Transnatal olfactory continuity in the rabbit: behavioral evidence and
short/term consequence of its disruption.
Coureaud G, Schaal B, Hudson R, Orgeur P, Coudert P.
Ethology and Sensory Psychobiology Group, Centre Europeen des Sciences du Gout,
CNRS (fre 2049) Dijon, France.
This study investigates the role of prenatal odor learning on postnatal adaptive
orientation responses in the newborn rabbit. Preference tests revealed that pups
are equally attracted to the odors of placentae and colostrum (Experiments 1/4),
suggesting that an odor continuity may exist between the fetal and neonatal
environments. To test some predictions derived from this hypothesis, we
manipulated the odor of the diet of pregnant/lactating does to control the
chemical niches of their perinates. Fetuses exposed in this way to the odor of
cumin (C) were selectively attracted as neonates to the odor of pure C
(Experiment 6). Prenatal exposure to C also was followed, to a certain extent,
by enhanced attraction to C odor in the placenta or colostrum from females which
had consumed it (Experiments 5 & 7). Finally, the functional implications of
perinatal odor continuity were tested by disrupting it. The odor component of
the feto/neonatal transitional environment revealed indeed to affect the ability
of certain pups to gain colostrum and milk at the very first sucking
opportunities (Experiment 8). Copyright 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Publication Types:
Research Support, Non/U.S. Gov't
PMID: 12115295 [PubMed / indexed for MEDLINE]
28: Vet Hum Toxicol. 2002 Apr;44(2):67/9.
Effect of feeding Cuminum cyminum fruits, Thymus vulgaris leaves or their
mixture to rats.
Haroun EM, Mahmoud OM, Adam SE.
Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Veterinary
Medicine King Saud University, Buraidah, Al/Qassim, Saudi Arabia.
Cuminum cyminum fruits and T. vulgaris leaves were fed to male Wistar rats at 2%
or 10% of standard diet for 6 w. A mixture (5% +5%) of the 2 plants was also fed
to rats for a similar period. Diets containing 2% C. cyminum fruits, 2% or 10%
T. vulgaris leaves were not toxic to rats. Impairment of growth and
enterohepatonephropathy were observed in the rats fed a diet containing 10% C.
cyminum fruits. These changes were also seen in the rats fed the mixture of the
2 plants and were accompanied by leukopenia, anemia and increases in serum AST
activity and urea and by decreased total protein and albumin levels.
PMID: 11933909 [PubMed / indexed for MEDLINE]
29: Appl Radiat Isot. 2002 Mar;56(3):557/62.
Identification and dose assessment of irradiated cumin by EPR spectrometry.
Abdel/Fattah AA.
National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, AEA, Nasr City, Cairo,
Egypt. atef_fattah@hotmail.com
The use of electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy to accurately
distinguish irradiated from unirradiated cumin and assess the absorbed dose to
radiation/processed cumin is examined. The results were successful for
identifying both irradiated and unirradiated cumin. Additive reirradiation of
the cumin produces a reproducible dose response function, which can be used to
assess the initial dose by back/extrapolation. Third/degree polynomial and
exponential functions were used to fit the EPR signal/dose curves. It was found
that the 3rd degree polynomial function provides satisfactory results without
correction for decay of free radicals. The exponential fit to the data cannot be
used without correction of decay of free radicals. The stability of the
radiation/induced EPR signal of irradiated cumin was studied over a storage
period of 6 months. The additive reirradiation of some samples was carried out
at different storage times (10, 20 and 30 days) after initial irradiation.
PMID: 11922423 [PubMed / indexed for MEDLINE]
30: J AOAC Int. 2001 Jul/Aug;84(4):1130/4.
Quantitation of volatile oils in ground cumin by supercritical fluid extraction
and gas chromatography with flame ionization detection.
Heikes DL, Scott B, Gorzovalitis NA.
Williams Foods, Inc, Lenexa, KS 66215/1348, USA.
Ground cumin is used as a flavoring agent in a number of ethnic cuisines. The
chemical entities, which primarily establish its characteristically pungent
flavor, are found in the volatile oil of cumin. Fixed oils and carbohydrates
tend to round out the harshness of the volatile oil components. However, the
quantity of volatile oil is commonly the measure of the quality of this spice.
For several decades, the spice industry has used a classical distillation
procedure for the determination of volatile oil in cumin and other spices.
However, the method is cumbersome and requires nearly 8 h to complete.
Supercritical fluid extraction with capillary gas chromatography/flame
ionization detection is utilized in the formulation of a rapid, accurate, and
specific method for the determination of volatile oil in ground cumin. Samples
are extracted in a static/dynamic mode with CO2 at 550 bar and 100 degrees C.
Toluene is used as a static modifier addition. The extracted volatile oil,
collected in toluene, is analyzed directly using tetradecane as the internal
standard. Integration is performed as grouped peaks to include all chemical
entities found in cumin volatile oil recovered from the official distillation
procedure. Results from this procedure compare favorably with those obtained by
the official procedure (coefficient of correlation = 0.995, 24 samples).
PMID: 11501914 [PubMed / indexed for MEDLINE]
31: Indian J Gastroenterol. 2000 Apr/Jun;19(2):53/6.
Influence of intragastric perfusion of aqueous spice extracts on acid secretion
in anesthetized albino rats.
Vasudevan K, Vembar S, Veeraraghavan K, Haranath PS.
Department of Pharmacology, Rajah Muthiah Medical College, Annamalainagar.
BACKGROUND: The effect of spices on gastric acid secretion is variable. Their
mechanism of action is also not well established. AIM: To study the effect of
spices on gastric acid secretion in anesthetized rats. METHODS: Aqueous extracts
(10% w/v) of red pepper (Capsicum annuum), fennel (Foeniculum vulgare),
omum/ajwan (Carum copticum), cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum), black pepper
(Piper nigrum), cumin (Cuminum cyminum) and coriander (Coriandrum sativum) were
prepared. The stomach of pentobarbitone/anesthetized rats was perfused at 0.15
mL/min with aqueous extracts of spice or acetylcholine (1 microgram/mL or 10
micrograms/mL solutions, in 40 min blocks, twice in each experiment bracketed by
saline perfusions. The acid content in the samples was estimated by titration
with 0.1N NaOH with phenolphthalein as indicator. Atropine 1 microgram/mL was
added to the perfusion fluid in 28 experiments. In 32, acute gastric mucosal
injury was induced by leaving aspirin 125 mg/Kg in the stomach for 2 h before
perfusion. RESULTS: All the spices tested increased acid secretion in the
following declining order: red pepper, fennel, omum, cardamom, black pepper,
cumin, coriander. Red pepper increased acid secretion (mean [SEM] 0.93 [0.16] mL
0.1N HCl) to about 7 times the basal secretion (0.14 [0.05]; p < 0.005). The
increase in acid secretion by the other spices was as follows: fennel 0.42
(0.11) mL 0.1 N HCl from basal secretion (0.12 [0.03]) (p < 0.02); omum 0.33
(0.05) from 0.09 (0.02) (p < 0.01); cardamom 0.28 (0.04) from 0.10 (0.03) (p <
0.005); black pepper 0.19 (0.03) from 0.04 (0.01) (p < 0.005); cumin 0.12 (0.02)
from 0.08 (0.01) (p < 0.05); coriander 0.18 (0.03) from 0.09 (0.02) (p < 0.005).
Atropine abolished the acid secretion induced by acetylcholine and significantly
reduced acid induction by red pepper, omum and coriander, but not that by
fennel. In experiments with aspirin/induced mucosal injury the basal acid
secretion was low; acid secretion by red pepper and fennel was reduced
significantly, but not that by acetylcholine. Cumin and coriander increased acid
secretion in injured stomachs. CONCLUSION: The spices tested increased gastric
acid secretion, in some by a cholinergic mechanism but by other mechanism(s) as
well. Red pepper produced maximum increase in acid secretion, but this was
significantly reduced in injured stomachs. Cumin and coriander increased gastric
secretion in injured stomachs.
PMID: 10812814 [PubMed / indexed for MEDLINE]
32: J Ethnopharmacol. 1998 Aug;62(1):15/24.
Influence of spices on the bacterial (enzyme) activity in experimental colon
cancer.
Nalini N, Sabitha K, Viswanathan P, Menon VP.
Department of Biochemistry, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Tamilnadu,
India.
In the presence of a known colon carcinogen, 1,2/dimethyl hydrazine (DMH), the
activity of beta/glucuronidase was found to be significantly increased in the
distal colon, distal intestine, liver and colon contents and the activity of
mucinase was increased in both the colon and fecal contents when compared to
control rats. Chilli (Capsicum annum L., Solanaceae) administration also showed
an increase when compared to control rats, whereas supplementation with cumin
(Cuminum cyminum L., Apiaceae) and black pepper (Piper nigrum L., Piperaceae) in
the presence of DMH, showed more or less similar values as that of the control
rats. The increase in beta/glucuronidase activity may increase the hydrolysis of
glucuronide conjugates, liberating the toxins, while the increase in mucinase
activity may enhance the hydrolysis of the protective mucins in the colon. Thus
cumin and black pepper may protect the colon by decreasing the activity of
beta/glucuronidase and mucinase. Histopathological studies also showed lesser
infiltration into the submucosa, fewer papillae and lesser changes in the
cytoplasm of the cells in the colon in cumin and black pepper groups when
compared to the DMH and chilli treated animals.
PMID: 9720607 [PubMed / indexed for MEDLINE]
33: Indian J Exp Biol. 1996 Jul;34(7):712/5.
A novel approach to study antibacterial properties of volatile components of
selected Indian medicinal herbs.
Agnihotri S, Vaidya AD.
C.B. Patel Research Centre, Vile Parle (West), Bombay, India.
The aromatic substances of natural origin are used medicinally in Ayurveda, and
can have diverse bio/dynamic actions. The existing methods like agar/cup method
or disc diffusion method are not adequate to study the exclusive antibacterial
effects of the volatile components of aromatic oils due to lack of ideal
diffusion and evaporation from the surface. Hence an attempt is made to develop
a novel approach to assess the antibacterial activity of few aromatic herbs like
Eugenia caryophyllus, Thymus vulgaris, Cinnamonum zeylanium, Cuminum cyminum;
these were extracted with hexane filled in tiny sterile tubes and the volatile
components were tested for their antibacterial properties using standard strains
of gram +ve and gram /ve bacteria grown on agar slants. The results are
expressed as a percent of inhibition of the area on the slants, from the top of
the extract tube. Of the four herbs selected, volatile components of Thymus
vulgaris were most effective againsts all the seven test organisms.
PMID: 8979514 [PubMed / indexed for MEDLINE]
34: J Ethnopharmacol. 1995 Aug 11;48(1):25/32.
Anti/hyperglycemic effect of some edible plants.
Roman/Ramos R, Flores/Saenz JL, Alarcon/Aguilar FJ.
Department of Health Sciences, Metropolitan Autonomous University, Mexico, D.F.,
Mexico.
The anti/hyperglycemic effect of 12 edible plants was studied on 27 healthy
rabbits, submitted weekly to subcutaneous glucose tolerance tests after gastric
administration of water, tolbutamide or a traditional preparation of the plant.
Tolbutamide, Cucurbita ficifolia, Phaseolus vulgaris, Opuntia streptacantha,
Spinacea oleracea, Cucumis sativus and Cuminum cyminum decrease significantly
the area under the glucose tolerance curve and the hyperglycemic peak. Brassica
oleracea var. botrytis, Allium cepa and Allium sativum only decrease the
hyperglycemic peak. The glycemic decreases caused by Psidium guajava, Brassica
oleracea and Lactuca sativa var. romana were not significant (P > .05). The
integration of a menu that includes the edible plants with hypoglycemic activity
for the control and prevention of diabetes mellitus may be possible and
recommendable.
PMID: 8569244 [PubMed / indexed for MEDLINE]
35: Plant Foods Hum Nutr. 1994 Oct;46(3):187/93.
Influence of spices on protein utilisation of winged bean (Psophocarpus
tetragonolobus) and horsegram (Dolichos biflorus).
Pradeep KU, Geervani P.
Postgraduate & Research Centre, Faculty of Home Science, A.P. Agricultural
University, Hyderabad, India.
The influence of a mixture of eleven spices commonly consumed in India on the
utilisation of protein from boiled winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus) and
horsegram (Dolichos biflorus) was studied at 10 and 20 percent level of protein
intake in experimental rats. Spices used in the mixture include red chillies
(Capsicum annum), black pepper (Piper nigrum), coriander (Coriandrum sativum),
cumin (Cuminum cyminum), garlic (Allium sativum), ajowan (Carum copticum),
turmeric (Curcuma longa), caraway seeds (Carum carui) and fennel seeds
(Foeniculum vulgare). Addition of this spice mixture at 1.5% level of the diet
decreased the TD of both legumes, significantly only in the case of horsegram. A
significant increase was observed in the BV of both the legumes at both levels
of protein tested.
PMID: 7855088 [PubMed / indexed for MEDLINE]
36: Plant Foods Hum Nutr. 1993 Sep;44(2):137/48.
Common Indian spices: nutrient composition, consumption and contribution to
dietary value.
Uma Pradeep K, Geervani P, Eggum BO.
Foods and Nutrition Department, Postgraduate & Research Centre (Home Sicence)
A.P. Agricultural University, Hyderabad, India.
Nutrient composition of eight commonly consumed spices of South India was
analysed. Spices analysed were red chillies (Capsicum annum), black pepper
(Piper nigrum), coriander seeds (Coriandrum sativum), cumin seeds (Cuminum
cyminum), garlic (Allium sativum), asafoetida (Ferula foetida), dry ginger
(Zingiber officinale) and ajowan (Carum copticum). The nutrients analysed were
proximate principles, minerals, starch, sugars, dietary fibre components,
tannins, phytic acid, enzyme inhibitors and amino acids. Dry ginger, ajowan and
asafoetida had high calcium (1.0/1.5%) and iron (54/62 mg/100 g) levels. The
tannin content of spices was also high (0.9/1.3% DM). Dietary fibre ranged from
14/53%. Spices had appreciable amounts of essential amino acids like lysine and
threonine. A survey revealed the average per capita consumption of spices to be
9.54 g and at that level, the nutrient contribution from spices ranged from 1.2
to 7.9% of an average adult Indian male's requirement for different nutrients.
PMID: 8397396 [PubMed / indexed for MEDLINE]
37: Food Chem Toxicol. 1992 Nov;30(11):953/6.
Anticarcinogenic effects of some Indian plant products.
Aruna K, Sivaramakrishnan VM.
Isotope Division, Cancer Institute, Adyar, Madras, India.
The anticarcinogenic properties of some commonly consumed spices and leafy
vegetables were investigated. The effects of feeding the plant products on the
induction of squamous cell carcinomas in the stomachs of Swiss mice by feeding
benzo[a]pyrene(B[a]P) and on the induction of hepatomas in Wistar rats by
feeding 3'/methyl/4/dimethylaminoazobenzene (3'MeDAB) were investigated. Among
the nine plant products tested, cumin seeds (Cuminum cyminum Linn) and basil
leaves (Ocimum sanctum Linn) significantly decreased the incidence of both
B[a]P/induced neoplasia and 3'MeDAB/induced hepatomas. Poppy seeds (Papaver
somniferum Linn) significantly inhibited B[a]P/induced neoplasia alone, while
the other plant products, asafoetida, kandathipili, turmeric, drumstick leaves,
solanum leaves and alternanthera leaves were ineffective. These results suggest
that cumin seeds, basil leaves and to a lesser extent poppy seeds, which are all
widely used in Indian cooking, may prove to be valuable anticarcinogenic agents.
Publication Types:
Research Support, Non/U.S. Gov't
PMID: 1473788 [PubMed / indexed for MEDLINE]
38: Plant Foods Hum Nutr. 1991 Jul;41(3):269/76.
Influence of spices on utilization of sorghum and chickpea protein.
Pradeep KU, Geervani P, Eggum BO.
Post Graduate and Research Centre, Home Science Faculty, A.P. Agricultural
University, Hyderabad, India.
Influence of eight common Indian spices on the protein quality of sorghum and
chickpea was studied. Spices used include red chillies (Capsicum annum), black
pepper (piper nigrum), coriander seeds (Coriandrum sativum) cumin seeds (Cuminum
cyminum), garlic (Allium sativum), asafoetida (Ferula foetida), dry ginger
(Zingiber officinale) and ajowan (Carum copticum). Addition of spices did not
affect protein digestibility (TD) of sorghum. The BV of all sorghum diets with
spices was higher than that of control diet. However, it was significant only in
case of diets combined with red chilli + coriander (1:1) mix, black pepper +
cumin (1:1) mix, coriander and cumin. Addition of spices did not have any effect
on TD or BV of chickpea diets.
PMID: 1924191 [PubMed / indexed for MEDLINE]
39: Nahrung. 1991;35(1):47/51.
Effect of cumin, cinnamon, ginger, mustard and tamarind in induced
hypercholesterolemic rats.
Sambaiah K, Srinivasan K.
Department of Food Chemistry, Central Food Technological Research Institute,
Mysore, India.
The effect of a few common spices//cumin (Cuminum cyminum, cinnamon (Cinnamomum
zeylanicum), ginger (Zingiber officinale), mustard (Brassica nigra) and tamarind
(Tamarindus indica)//added to normal and hypercholesterolemia inducing diet on
serum and liver cholesterol levels in rats was studied. These spices did not
show any cholesterol lowering effect when included in the diet at about 5/fold
the normal human intake level.
PMID: 1865890 [PubMed / indexed for MEDLINE]
40: Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids. 1989 Jul;37(1):57/64.
Extracts from two frequently consumed spices//cumin (Cuminum cyminum) and
turmeric (Curcuma longa)//inhibit platelet aggregation and alter eicosanoid
biosynthesis in human blood platelets.
Srivastava KC.
Department of Environmental Medicine, Odense University, Denmark.
In the traditional Indian system of medicine, Ayurveda, several spices and herbs
are claimed to possess medicinal properties, such as being antithrombotic,
antiatherosclerotic, hypolipidemic, anti/inflammatory etc. Earlier we have
reported that extracts from several spices behave as antiaggregatory agents and
inhibit eicosanoid synthesis. Similar studies with extracts prepared from cumin
(Cuminum cyminum) and turmeric (Curcuma longa) were undertaken. Ethereal extract
of both cumin and turmeric inhibited arachidonate/induced platelet aggregation.
Extracts from these spices inhibited thromboxane B2 production from exogenous
(14C) arachidonic acid (AA) in washed platelets; a simultaneous increase in the
formation of lipoxygenase/derived products was observed. Less TxB2 was produced
in blood samples treated with turmeric extract when they were allowed to clot.
Turmeric extract inhibited incorporation of (14C)AA into platelet phospholipids
and deacylation of AA/labelled phospholipids on stimulation with calcium
ionophore A23187. Cumin extract was devoid of such effects. Extracts from the
two spices reduced the formation of (14C)TxB2 from AA/labelled platelets when
they were challenged with A23187. The anti/inflammatory property of turmeric
may, in part, be explained by its effect on eicosanoid biosynthesis.
PMID: 2503839 [PubMed / indexed for MEDLINE]
41: Indian J Exp Biol. 1987 Jul;25(7):442/4.
Estrogenic activity of Cuminum cyminum in rats.
Malini T, Vanithakumari G.
Publication Types:
Research Support, Non/U.S. Gov't
PMID: 2963791 [PubMed / indexed for MEDLINE]
42: Pharmazie. 1978 May;33(5):296/7.
Isolation of two flavone glycosides from the fruits of Cuminum cyminum L. grown
in Egypt.
Khafagy SM, Sarg TM, Abdel Salam NA, Gabr O.
PMID: 674343 [PubMed / indexed for MEDLINE]
43: J Trop Pediatr Environ Child Health. 1974 Jun;20(3):109/11.
Estimation of free amino acids, protein and amino acid compositions of cumin
seed (Cuminum cyminum) of Iran.
Toghrol F, Daneshpejouh H.
PMID: 4497570 [PubMed / indexed for MEDLINE]
44: Indian J Med Res. 1968 Jun;56(6):841/4.
Galactagogue action of Cuminum cyminum and Nigella staiva.
Agrawala IP, Achar MV, Boradkar RV, Roy N.
PMID: 5693882 [PubMed / indexed for MEDLINE]
45: Pharmazie. 1951 Jan;6(1):22/6.
[Cuminum cyminum L., the cummin.]
[Article in Undetermined Language]
WEBER U.
PMID: 14827712 [PubMed / indexed for MEDLINE]
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